St. Paul s Cathedral - 1757 Words

London is a city that is steeped in rich history and has many cultural influences that have affected everything from the way that Londoners speak down to the architecture. One of the most influential buildings in this time is one that dominated the London skyline as a reference point for 300 years up until the 1960’s, and that is Wren’s St. Paul’s Cathedral. This building has been recorded to be in existence on its site as early as the 604, but it could have been around as early as the 400’s. St. Paul’s has endured many things throughout its time, but none as disastrous as the Great Fire in 1666. This event, which almost destroyed the whole town of London, but the entire church as well, created a design opportunity for the aspiring architect Christopher Wren. With a huge path of destruction carved out for the fire, the city was looking for an architect to help them restore their city, but with a new style. Wren was provided with the chance to do ove r 50 churches in London, which St. Paul’s is his most prominent and remembered design. It is his design that is what decorates the London skyline and extends up 365 feet into the sky, and is one of the greatest examples of acoustics inside of a building. This essays goal is to explore the effect of the Great Fire in the design of this buildings current look, as well as explore the various designs of the domes and the interesting phenomenon which is the Whispering Gallery. St. Paul’s Cathedral is an extremely old cathedral whichShow MoreRelatedSt. Paul s Cathedral1104 Words   |  5 PagesSt. Paul’s Cathedral is an English Baroque styled cathedral dedicated to Paul of Apostle and the second cathedral to be built on the same site, first being Old St. Paul’s Cathedral which was also dedicated to Paul of Apostle. It is located in the City of London, England. The Fourth St. Paul’s, more commonly known as Old St. Paul’s Cathedral, was built by the Normans in 1087. The Normans, who in recent times had just conquered Britain, and were determined to build the largest Christian church inRead MoreTaking a Look at Saint Patricks Cathedral885 Words   |  4 PagesSaint Patricks Cathedral, one of New Yorks greatest cathedrals, is located in Manhattan at 14 E. 51st St. The main reason the cathedral was built was to affirm the ascendance of religious freedom and tolerance. Thousands of poor immigrants and one hundred three prominent citizens helped pay contributions toward the church. The prominent citizens paid approximately one thousand dollars each.This cathedral supports the idea that not one single generation builds a cathedral, but rather the past, presentRead MoreSt. Pauls Cathedral: Sir Christopher Wren Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesSt. Pauls Cathedral St. Pauls Cathedral has had a very interesting and long history. It involves natural disasters, sabotage, invasions, lies, and deception. It has been through a lot over the many years of its existence, including several reconstructions. While there has been many changes to it, the one thing that could be counted on was the fact that there was always something unexpected happening to it. Even though St. Pauls Cathedral has had some hard times, it has re-bounded with theRead MoreThe Canterbury Cathedral Essay2561 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Cathedral For at least fourteen hundred years the worship of God has been offered on the site of this Cathedral, and through the prayers of the Church his power and grace have shaped human lives. Ever since the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket in the Cathedral in 1170, Canterbury has attracted thousands of pilgrims. This tradition continues to this day, and a large team of Welcomers, Guides, Cathedral Assistants and Chaplains are there to give all visitors a warm welcomeRead MoreMurder in The Cathedral1097 Words   |  4 PagesMurder in the Cathedral was one of the first successful religious plays of the 20th Century (Weintraub). This play, and many others in the time period, shows the effects of World War II and the rising political power in Germany. Murder in the Cathedral shows the struggle of one man’s obligation to religion and defying the many temptations of a political leader. Murder in the Cathedral was influenced by the increasing political ideas in the time period. During this time period in Europe, the risingRead MoreThe Song I Feel Excitement900 Words   |  4 Pages1968. It was before 1968 sung at Winston Churchill’s funeral as well. Notable times in recent history it has been played at Ronald Regan’s state funeral and in honor on September 14, 2001 at the Washington National Cathedral in the United States as well as at St Paul s Cathedral in London to mourn the great loss of life from the September 11 attacks. The song continues to be played for National Conventions and it is so strongly regarded President Bush had it played as he greeted Pope BenedictRead MoreThe Baroque Period and Famous Composers Essays1249 Words   |  5 Pagesorgan, the harpsichord, and the violin. At the age of 17, Handel experienced the loss of his father. He would quickly move on and enroll as a law student t Halle University. Shortly after beginning school, he became the organist at the protestant cathedral. After a year of school, Handel moved on into the world of the theatre. Handel was inspired to attempt his hand in composing an opera. Almira was Handel’s first attempt at an opera, and was warmly welcomed by the audience. Almira was characterizedRead MoreThe Armada Of The Spanish Armada1200 Words   |  5 Pages THE SPANISH ARMADA Armada Portrait Queen Elizabeth I The Armada Portrait Buy at Allposters.com The defeat of the Spanish Armada is one of the most famous events in English history. It was arguably Queen Elizabeth s finest hour. For years she had been hailed as the English Deborah, the saviour of the English people, and now it seemed that this is what she had really become. She was now Bellona, the goddess of war, and in triumph she had led her people to glory, defeating the greatest power inRead MoreDoes Being Older Mean Making More Money?1666 Words   |  7 Pagesillustrated in Berninis Ecstasy of St. Teresa, centerpiece of the Cornaro Chapel? a. fascination with modern science and mathematics b. interest in religious emotion and human psychology c. neoclassical preference for order and balance d. dynamism created by conflicting lines Page ref: 260 3. Which of these baroque works best realizes the attempt to combine different arts in a single, dramatically unified whole? a. Handel’s Messiah b. Caravaggio’s Calling of St. Matthew c. Bernini’s CornaroRead MoreThe Plaza ( Jose Marti Memorial )1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe square claims its place in history as the place where the country’s former president the late Fidel Castro delivered speeches to vast audiences that sometimes attracted large crowds of more than one million people. In 1998, the late pope John Paul II celebrated mass there. 2. Santa Clara Located in the Villa Clara province, Santa Clara boosts cultural interactions that are rich and that will amaze anybody who is there to have a good time. The fact that it is a university town making it vibrant

Analysis Of My Papas Waltz By Robert Frost - 777 Words

Unlike reading a novella or a novel, reading poetry is much different. As Robert Frost stated when asked the question of what poetry is, he responses, â€Å"Poetry is the kind of things poets write (Kennedy Gioia, 2016).† Frost intended for the questioner to think about the words he said, try to understand the simple statement he said. When reading poetry, one must understand the writing and involve themselves in the reading. In the poem My Papa’s Waltz, by Theodore Roethke, is a prime example of reading and understanding the poem. By putting yourself in the story and imagining yourself being the boy drug around by a drunken Papa, you involve yourself so much that you develop feelings and sadness for the boy. Tone, speaker, and†¦show more content†¦Diction may be used to express the style in which the writing is presented (Kennedy Gioia, 2016). Diction can play a large role in how the reader perceives the characters of the story. My Papa’s Wa ltz uses an excellent choice of words. The words are that of simple terms and not unknown literary terms that some readers may not know what it means. â€Å"The whiskey on your breath could make a small boy dizzy† (Kennedy Gioia, 2016), this is a general statement stating a small child could inhale the smell of whiskey and almost get drunk themselves. His mother is unable to not unfrown, feelings of sadness due to his mother having to endure this scenario as well. While the Papa held his wrist, every stumbled step lead to his right ear scraping a buckle of some sort. This poem clearly defines the characters of the story, along with the roles they play. Papa was a drunk, the mother was unhappy, and the boy had no choice, but to follow Papa’s hand wherever that may lead to. The speaker is simply the voice behind the poem. As the reader reads the poem, they can imagine the speakers reading it out loud to them (Shmoop, 2017). The speaker and tone relate to eac h other in the sense that you can have one without the other. How the speaker presents their work depends of the tone and the feelings of the author. As the speaker of â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† reads the story, it sounds as if the boy is frightened. If I was to pass my book to someone and read this poem in theirShow MoreRelatedLiterary Devices and Their Use in Poetry1875 Words   |  8 Pagesaccentuation in her poem, namely displacement, deletion, selective deviation, repetition and typography. Displacement refers to a device whereby a poet takes conventional grammar and rearranges it. For example, in the poem Mending Wall, by Robert Frost the first line reads â€Å"Something there is that does not love a wall.† (Moffet, Mphahlele 2006: 103) Had the poet used conventional language the sentence would read ‘there is something that does not love a wall.† As can be seen from the given exampleRead MoreBusiness and Management2600 Words   |  11 P ages | | | | | | | | |Reading Literature Closely: Analysis (pp. 120-182) | | | | |Arguing an Interpretation (pp 183-236) | |

Analysing the Meaning of Evil Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysing the Meaning of Evil. Answer: While analysing the meaning of evil, it should be stated that evil does not essentially imply a state of being where an individual deliberately embraces the negativity for the sole sake of hurting or harming others, but choosing the evil offers a sense of pleasure, that good does not offer. A man turns out to be evil as and when he wishes to break free from the man-made or natural or ethical limitations around him, and embrace what makes him happy. For example, Dr. Faustus explored the enormity of knowledge and sold himself to the Devil, and derived evanescent and yet considerable pleasure, which he could not experience, had he accepted the limitations of a restricted, conscientious world. Rising above nature, challenging the stability of a Universe, brings in the evil in mankind. The American literary character Holden, reminding one of Frankenstein or Eve, tried to break free from the order and harmony of the Universe and challenge the supremacy of the God, resulted in the destructi on of humans and natural objects (Cusher). As it has been found that Frankenstein wanted to became a creator and move himself up to the position of God or above him. This was when he created robots and gave life to the machine. This had for obvious reasons resulted in the creation of evil in the form of robot. Again, Holden was a learned boy and he devoted lots of time in study and education but had never used the same knowledge in a positive way but helped in increasing negativity in nature and society. According to me, the evil refers to a specific state of being, where the individual loses his sanity, becomes indifferent to the concerns of the others, and gets driven by a feeling of lust and selfishness that leads to the annihilation of the good. The evil state, I believe, exists in everyone, but it is aroused only when one is fascinated by the thirst of power and influence that he can exert upon the less powerful victim (Neiman). The evil provokes one to destroy a sense of meaning, pattern or harmony in the universe, and to lose a sense of purpose in life. An evil entity will neither think of others, nor will anticipate the impact of inflicting cruelty, pain, or violence on others. Losing a sense of meaning in life and faith in the goodness, the evil person wishes to become the ultimate power in the world. I think that an individual can be willingly and consciously evil only when he loses the purpose in life, or he fails to comprehend the inherent essence of life. Life is conside red to be gifted, and usually people believe in good actions that repay and bad actions that lead to undesirable outcome. However, what happens to a person who loses faith in the goodness of the world, the ability of the Absolute Power and starts becoming sceptical about his origin? He will tend to become reckless and relentless in life, engaging in whatever action he pleases, and remains indifferent to anything but himself (Rossenbaum). By the end, it can be mentioned that initially as an individual unaware of the evil spirit prevailing within him, accidentally experiences the same, because of revenge, pain and trauma, and once experienced, he feels thrilled by the intense and immediate pleasure derived through it. In absence of conscience, he repeats the evil act and leads himself to path of moral degeneration. In order to become powerful, the evil gets fascinated by a lawless, irrational mind that helps him challenge, question and dismiss the limitations of the universe he was born in. Embracing the evil avails one immense freedom, one is otherwise deprived of. Refrences Cusher, Brent Edwin. "Cormac McCarthy's Definition of Evil: Blood Meridian and the Case of Judge Holden."Perspectives on Political Science43.4 (2014): 223-230. Neiman, Susan.Evil in modern thought: An alternative history of philosophy. Princeton University Press, 2015. Rosenbaum, Ron.Explaining Hitler: The search for the origins of his evil. Hachette UK, 2014..

Two-Factor Theory of Motivation free essay sample

Introduction: The two-factor theory (also known as Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory and dual-factor theory) states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. It was developed by psychologist Frederick Herzberg, who theorized that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction act independently of each other. According to Herzberg, intrinsic motivators such as challenging work, recognition, and responsibility produce employee satisfaction, while extrinsic hygiene factors, including status, job security, salary, and fringe benefits – if absent – produce dissatisfaction. Herzbergs theory appears to parallel Maslows needs hierarchy. Individuals look for the gratification of higher-level psychological needs having to do with achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the nature of the work itself. However, Herzberg added a new dimension to this theory, including factors that cause dissatisfaction as well, such as company policies, supervision, technical problems, salary, interpersonal relations on the job, and working conditions. We will write a custom essay sample on Two-Factor Theory of Motivation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This two-factor model of motivation is based on the notion that the presence of one set of job characteristics or incentives leads to worker satisfaction, while another and separate set of job characteristics lead to dissatisfaction. Thus, satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not on a continuum with one increasing as the other diminishes, but are independent phenomena. 2. Two-factor theory fundamentals: 2. 1 Research by Herzberg: Attitudes and their connection with industrial mental health are related to Abraham Maslows theory of motivation. His findings have had a considerable theoretical, as well as a practical, influence on attitudes toward administration. According to Herzberg, individuals are not content with the satisfaction of lower-order needs at work; for example, those needs associated with minimum salary levels or safe and pleasant working conditions. Rather, individuals look for the gratification of higher-level psychological needs having to do with achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the nature of the work itself. This appears to parallel Maslows theory of a need hierarchy. However, Herzberg added a new dimension to this theory by proposing a two-factor model of motivation, based on the notion that the presence of one set of job characteristics or incentives leads to worker satisfaction at work, while another and separate set of job characteristics leads to dissatisfaction at work. Thus, satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not on a continuum with one increasing as the other diminishes, but are independent phenomena. This theory suggests that to improve job attitudes and productivity, administrators must recognize and attend to both sets of characteristics and not assume that an increase in satisfaction leads to decrease in unpleasable dissatisfaction. The two-factor theory developed from data collected by Herzberg from interviews with 203 engineers and accountants in the Pittsburgh area, chosen because of their professions growing importance in the business world. Regarding the collection process: â€Å" Briefly, we asked our respondents to describe periods in their lives when they were exceedingly happy and unhappy with their jobs. Each respondent gave as many sequences of events as he could that met certain criteria—including a marked change in feeling, a beginning and an end, and contained some substantive description other than feelings and interpretations The proposed hypothesis appears verified. The factors on the right that led to satisfaction (achievement, intrinsic interest in the work, responsibility, and advancement) are mostly unipolar; that is, they contribute very little to job dissatisfaction. Conversely, the dis-satisfiers (company policy and administrative practices, supervision, interpersonal relationships, working conditions, and salary) contribute very little to job satisfaction. † —Herzberg, 1964 2. 2 Analysis by Herzberg: From analysing these interviews, he found that job characteristics related to what an individual does — that is, to the nature of the work one performs — apparently have the capacity to gratify such needs as achievement, competency, status, personal worth, and self-realization, thus making him happy and satisfied. However, the absence of such gratifying job characteristics does not appear to lead to unhappiness and dissatisfaction. Instead, dissatisfaction results from unfavourable assessments of such job-related factors as company policies, supervision, technical problems, salary, interpersonal relations on the job, and working conditions. Thus, if management wishes to increase satisfaction on the job, it should be concerned with the nature of the work itself — the opportunities it presents for gaining status, assuming responsibility, and for achieving self-realization. If, on the other hand, management wishes to reduce dissatisfaction, then it must focus on the job environment — policies, procedures, supervision, and working conditions. [ If management is equally concerned with both, then managers must give attention to both sets of job factors. Two-factor theory distinguishes between: Motivator Factors Motivator factors are based on an individuals need for personal growth. When they exist, motivator factors actively create job satisfaction. If they are effective, then they can motivate an individual to achieve above-average performance and effort. Motivator factors include: Status Opportunity for advancement Gaining recognition Responsibility Challenging / stimulating work Sense of personal achievement personal growth in a job Hygiene Factors Hygiene factors are based on the need to for a business to avoid unpleasantness at work. If these factors are considered inadequate by employees, then they can cause dissatisfaction with work. Hygiene factors include: Company policy and administration Wages, salaries and other financial remuneration Quality of supervision Quality of inter-personal relations Working conditions Feelings of job security Essentially, hygiene factors are needed to ensure an employee is not dissatisfied. Motivation factors are needed to motivate an employee to higher performance. Herzberg also further classified our actions and how and why we do them, for example, if you perform a work related action because you have to then that is classed as movement, but if you perform a work related action because you want to then that is classed as motivation. Unlike Maslow, who offered little data to support his ideas, Herzberg and others have presented considerable empirical evidence to confirm the motivation-hygiene theory, although their work has been criticized on methodological grounds. 3. Workarounds: Herzbergs theory concentrates on the importance of internal job factors as motivating forces for employees. He designed it to increase job enrichment for employees. Herzberg wanted to create the opportunity for employees to take part in planning, performing, and evaluating their work. According to Herzberg, the factors leading to job satisfaction are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction. Therefore, if you set about eliminating dissatisfying job factors you may create peace, but not necessarily enhance performance. This placates your workforce instead of actually motivating them to improve performance. The characteristics associated with job dissatisfaction are called hygiene factors. When these have been adequately addressed, people will not be dissatisfied nor will they be satisfied. If you want to motivate your team, you then have to focus on satisfaction factors like achievement, recognition, and responsibility. To apply Herzbergs theory, you need to adopt a two stage process to motivate people. Firstly, you need eliminate the dissatisfactions theyre experiencing and, secondly, you need to help them find satisfaction. 3. 1 Step One: Eliminate Job Dissatisfaction: Herzberg called the causes of dissatisfaction hygiene factors. To get rid of them, you need to: Fix poor and obstructive company policies. Provide effective, supportive and non-intrusive supervision. Create and support a culture of respect and dignity for all team members. Ensure that wages are competitive. Build job status by providing meaningful work for all positions. Provide job security. All of these actions help you eliminate job dissatisfaction in your organization. And theres no point trying to motivate people until these issues are out of the way! You cant stop there, though. Remember, just because someone is not dissatisfied, it doesnt mean he or she is satisfied either! Now you have to turn your attention to building job satisfaction. 3. 2 Step Two: Create Conditions for Job Satisfaction: To create satisfaction, Herzberg says you need to address the motivating factors associated with work. He called this job enrichment. His premise was that every job should be examined to determine how it could be made better and more satisfying to the person doing the work. Things to consider include: Providing opportunities for achievement. Recognizing workers contributions. Creating work that is rewarding and that matches the skills and abilities of the worker. Giving as much responsibility to each team member as possible. Providing opportunities to advance in the company through internal promotions. Offering training and development opportunities, so that people can pursue the positions they want within the company. 4. Validity and criticisms: In 1968 Herzberg stated that his two-factor theory study had already been replicated 16 times in a wide variety of populations including some in Communist countries, and corroborated with studies using different procedures that agreed with his original findings regarding intrinsic employee motivation making it one of the most widely replicated studies on job attitudes. While the Motivator-Hygiene concept is still well regarded, satisfaction and dissatisfaction are generally no longer considered to exist on separate scales. The separation of satisfaction and dissatisfaction has been shown to be an artefact of the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) used by Herzberg to record events. Furthermore, it has been noted the theory does not allow for individual differences, such as particular personality traits, which would affect individuals unique responses to motivating or hygiene factors. A number of behavioural scientists have pointed to inadequacies in the need hierarchy and motivation-hygiene theories. The most basic is the criticism that both of these theories contain the relatively explicit assumption that happy and satisfied workers produce more, even though this might not be the case. For example, if playing a better game of golf is the means chosen to satisfy ones need for recognition, then one will find ways to play and think about golf more often, perhaps resulting in an accompanying lower output on the job. Another problem is that these and other statistical theories are concerned with explaining average behaviour, despite considerable differences between individuals that may impact ones motivational factors. For instance, in their pursuit of status a person might take a balanced view and strive to pursue several behavioural paths in an effort to achieve a combination of personal status objectives. In other words, an individuals expectation or estimated probability that a given behaviour will bring a valued outcome determines their choice of means and the effort they will devote to these means. In effect, this diagram of expectancy depicts an employee asking themselves the question posed by one investigator, How much payoff is there for me toward attaining a personal goal while expending so much effort toward the achievement of an assigned organizational objective? The expectancy theory by Victor Vroom also provides a framework for motivation based on expectations. This approach to the study and understanding of motivation would appear to have certain conceptual advantages over other theories: First, unlike Maslows and Herzbergs theories, it is capable of handling individual differences. Second, its focus is toward the present and the future, in contrast to drive theory, which emphasizes past learning. Third, it specifically correlates behaviour to a goal and thus eliminates the problem of assumed relationships, such as between motivation and performance. Fourth, it relates motivation to ability: Performance = Motivation Ability. That said, a study by the Gallup Organization, as detailed in the book First, Break All the Rules: What the Worlds Greatest Managers Do by Marcus Buckingham and Curt Coffman, appears to provide strong support for Herzbergs division of satisfaction and dissatisfaction into two separate scales. In this book, the authors discuss how the study identified twelve questions that provide a framework for determining high-performing individuals and organizations. These twelve questions align squarely with Herzbergs motivation factors, while hygiene factors were determined to have little effect on motivating high performance. 5. Conclusion: The relationship between motivation and job satisfaction is not overly complex. The problem is that many employers look at the hygiene factors as ways to motivate when in fact, beyond the very short term, they do very little to motivate. Perhaps managers like to use this approach because they think people are more financially motivated than, perhaps, they are, or perhaps it just takes less management effort to raise wages than it does to revaluate company policy, and redesign jobs for maximum satisfaction. While motivating people, firstly it’s needed to get rid of the things that are annoying them about the company and the workplace. Making it sure that theyre treated fairly, and with respect. Once this is done, it’s needed to look for the ways in which people can be helped to grow within their jobs, giving them opportunities for achievement, and praising that achievement wherever it’s found.